Table 3. Comparisons of Scores of the Attitudes Toward Osteopathic Medicine Scale (ATOMS) by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Academic Background and Career Interest in a National Sample of First Year Matriculants of 33 U.S. Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
Variable N M SD F-ratio p
Gender(a)
  Men 2653 71.5 10 F(1,5615) = 362.31 p<.0001
  Women 2964 76.1 8.3
Race/Ethnicity(b)
  White/Caucasian 3386 73.94 9.4 F(3,5099) = 15.80 p<.0001
  Asian 1315 72.88 9.5
  Hispanic/Latinx/ Spanish origin 235 75.85 8.4
  Black/African American 167 77.27 9.2
Academic Background (c)
  Biological Sciences 2833 74.12 9.3 F(3,3939) = 13.04 p<.0001
  Chemical/Physical Sciences 755 71.8 9.7
  Social/Behavioral Sciences 264 74.52 9.7
  Arts and Humanities 91 74.35 9.9
Career Interest(d)
  People-oriented 2347 75.17 9 F(2,5110) = 40.21 p<.0001
  Technology- oriented 1542 72.55 9.9
  Other 1224 73.25 9.6

(a)Women > Men, effect size= 0.51.

(b) Black/African American > Hispanic/Latinx/Spanish origin > White/Caucasian and Asian, effect size = 0.47

(c)Chemical/Physical Sciences < all others, effect size = 0.28

(d)People-oriented > Other > Technology-oriented, effect size = 0.28

 Int J Med Educ. 2021; 12:222-232; doi: 10.5116/ijme.615c.2cfa