Method	Definition	Example
(1) Role play	A training method that involves actively trying out behaviors in simulated situations.	Test behavior in a difficult situation with simulated patients.
(2) Discussion	Exchange of ideas on specific topics in the training group.	Sharing the pros and cons of putting yourself in the patient's shoes.
(3) Feedback	The feedback that the training participant receives from the training instructor or from the group to compare self-image and external image.	Feedback on how the behavior shown is received and what potential for improvement is identified.
(4) Lecture	Information transfer offered by the trainer in the context of frontal teaching.	Presentation of the trainer about the theory of empathy.
(5) Elaboration of a topic in individual work	Tasks or exercises that the training participant works on alone and in which he or she acquires knowledge independently.	Silent work in which the participant reflects on a situation by himself.
(6) Elaboration of a topic in a team	Tasks or exercises that the training participant works on in a group or in partner work to acquire knowledge as a team.	In partner work, rewrite a failed dialogue.
(7) Conversation with experts	Knowledge acquisition in the context of a conversation with experts, i.e., people who are particularly knowledgeable in a field.	Question and answer session with the empathy expert.
(8) Observation of exemplary interactions	All methods in the sense of model learning. This also includes the use of digital media.	Observation of a patient-doctor interaction using videos.

Int J Med Educ. 2022; 13:1-9; doi: 10.5116/ijme.61d4.4216