Content	Definition	Example
(1) Communication and its challenge: theory and conversation guide	All training content that deals with the topic of communication. This includes all concepts and theories of communication, barriers and problems in communication processes and conversation guidelines and communication guides.	Elaboration of the 6 steps of the Buckman Protocol: how to deliver bad news.
(2) Self-reflection and learning from one's own experience	The mindfulness, the recognition and perception of one's own feelings and emotions, and all the reflections that the participant makes or has made about his own situation and himself.	Reflection on a situation in which the participant himself did not feel understood by others.
(3) Importance of empathy	Any content that emphasizes the importance of empathy.	Trainer's statement: "There is a positive correlation between clinician empathy and patient outcomes."
(4) Theory of empathy	All theories and concepts taught on the topic of empathy in general.	"Empathy has a cognitive, affective, ... component."
(5) Adopting perspective and learning from the experience of others	All content in which participants put themselves in the shoes of others and all reflections the participant makes or has made about the other person's situation.	Reflection on a situation in which someone else might not have felt understood.
(6) Empathic behavior	Training content in which understanding is expressed and empathy is shown.	Say to the patient, "This situation must be very difficult for you."

Int J Med Educ. 2022; 13:1-9; doi: 10.5116/ijme.61d4.4216